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BIOGRAPHY
Sensors
- 1. D.J. Fray and M.J.H. Morton "Instantaneous Determination of Sodium Content of Molten Aluminium Silicon Alloys", Foundry Trade Journal, 137, No. 3022, (1974), 737
- D.J. Fray and B. Savory, "Measurement of the Activity of Sodium, in Sodium-Lead Alloys using Beta Alumina", J. Chem. Thermodynamics 7, (1975) 485.
- D.J. Fray and R. Gee, "Analytical Devices Based on Beta Alumina". Int. Symp. Solid Ionic and Ionic Electronic Conductors, Rome, 1976
- D.J. Fray, "Determination of Sodium in Molten Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys using a Beta Alumina Probe", Trans. Met. Soc., 8B, (1977) 153.
- R. Gee and D.J. Fray, "Instantaneous Determination of Hydrogen Content in Molten Aluminium and Its Alloys", Met. Trans. 9B (1978) 427.
- J.A. Little and D.J. Fray, "Determination of the Activity of Copper in Liquid Copper-Tin Alloys by use of Copper Beta Alumina", Trans IMM 88 (1979) C229.
- D.J. Fray, "Use of Electrolytes in the Analysis of Molten Metals", Extraction Metallurgy '81, IMM, p. 321.
- D.J. Fray, "Application of Solid Electrolyte Membranes to High Temperature Process Control and Metal Refining in Ion Exchange Membranes", Society of Chemical Ind, 1983.
- R.J. Brisley and D.J. Fray, "Determination of the Sodium Activity in Aluminium and Aluminium Silicon Alloys using Sodium B-Alumina", Trans. Met. Soc. B, 14B, 435 (1982).
- S.B. Lyon and D.J. Fray, "Hydrogen Measurements using Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate Tetrahydrate", 4th International Conference on Solid State Ionics (1983).
- R.J. Brisley and D.J. Fray, "The Determination of the thermodynamics of the NaF-AlF3-Al203 system using a solid electrolyte", Trans. Met. Soc. B, 15B, 135 (1983).
- S.B. Lyon and D.J. Fray, "Hydrogen Measurements using Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate Tetrahydrate", Solid State Ionics, 9 and 10, 1295 (1983).
- S.B. Lyon and D.J. Fray, "Determination of Hydrogen generated in Electro-chemical processes by use of a Solid Electrolyte Probe", Brit. Corrosion Journal, 19, 23 (1984).
- S.B. Lyon and D.J. Fray, "Detection of hydrogen generated by Corrosion Reactions using a Solid Electrolyte Probe". Materials Performance, 23(4), 23 (1984).
- K. Eagles and D.J. Fray, "A Development in the Detection of Hydrogen Evolved in Corrosion Processes", U.K. Corrosion 84. Proc. of Conference, p.199.
- S.B. Lyon and D.J. Fray, The Measurement of the Conductivity of Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate Tetrahydrate and its use in the Determination of the Thermodynamics of the Hydrogen-Tungsten Oxide System". Solid-State Ionics, 15, 21 (1985).
- P.C. Yao and D.J. Fray, "Sodium Activity Determination in Molten 99.5% Aluminium using Solid Electrolytes", J. App. Electrochemistry, 15, 379, (1985).
- P.C. Yao and D.J. Fray, "Determination of the Lithium Content of Molten Aluminium using a Solid Electrolyte", Trans. Met. Soc. B., 16B, 41 (1985).
- D.J. Fray, "Possible Uses by Sensors in the Aluminium Industry". Aluminium Technology '86, Paper 8.1, The Institute of Metals 1986.
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Development and Application of Hydrogen Sensors, Int. Meeting on Chemical Sensors, Bordeaux, p.306 (1986).
- D.J. Fray, Sensors based on Solid Electrolytes, J. of Materials Education, 9, 33 (1987).
- D.J. Fray, Possible uses of sensors in the aluminium industry, Mat. Sci. and Tech. 3, 61 (1987).
- D.J. Fray, Possible uses of Sensors in the Aluminium Foundry Industry, Foundry Processes: their Chemistry and Physics. Ed. S. Katz and C.F. Laudefeld, Plenum Press (1988) p.243.
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Development of Solid-State Hydrogen Sensors. Sensors and Actuators 15, 185 (1988).
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Solid State Hydrogen Sensors based on Strontium Chloride. Solid State Ionics, 28-30, 1688 (1988).
- D.R. Morris, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Development of an electrochemical sensor to measure hydrogen in gases and liquid and solid metals. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 16 429(1989)
- D.J. Fray, On-line measurements at Elevated Temperatures in Metallic Solutions, Mattes and Molten Salts using Solid Electrolytes, in "Metallurgical Processes for the Year 2000 and Beyond". Ed. H.Y. Sohn and E.S. Geskin, TMS (1989), p. 363.
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Development of High Temperature Solid-State Electrochemical Sensors. Extraction Metallurgy '89 IMM, (1989) p.315.
- D.J. Fray. Gas Sensors, Solid State, Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering. Ed R.W. Cahn Pergamon. Oxford p927
- D.J. Fray. Developments in On-line Sensing in Molten Metals using Solid Electrolytes Benelux Metallurgie 30, 63 (1990)
- D.J. Fray, Solid Electrolytes and the Analysis of Molten Metals. Chemistry and Industry, 12, 445-448,(1992)
- D.J. Fray and R.V. Kumar, Electrochemical determination of the Thermodynamics of the Ca-Pb System at 1173K using Calcium Magnetoplumbite as the Electrolyte. Scandinavian Journal of Metals.22(5), 266-270, (1993)
- D.J. Fray. Gas Sensors, Solid State, Concise Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization. Ed R.W. Cahn and E. Lifshin. Pergamon. Oxford p175-9
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Development of New Chemical Sensors for Applications in Extractive Metallurgy. ISSI Letters,4, 8-9, (1993)
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Application of Ca Magnetoplumbite and Li b-spodumene Solid Electrolytes in Coulometric Mode, LUMA, 71-8, (1993).
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, Application of Novel Sensors in the Measurement of Very Low Oxygen Potentials. Solid state Ionics.70/71, 588-94, (1994)
- F.W.H. Dean and D.J. Fray, A Low Temperature Hydrogen in Steel Potentiometric Sensor. Solid State Ionics 70/71, 584-7, (1994)
- D.J. Fray, Opportunities for On-line Sensing in Pyrometallurgical Processing. Pyrometallurgy for Complex Materials and Wastes, Eds. M. Nilmani, T. Lehner and W.J. Rankin. TMS, Warrendale, Pa (1994) p133-146.
- D.J. Fray, Improving Performance with Solid State On-Line Sensors. International Minerals and Metals Technology 1994. Ed. N.J. Roberts, p177 - 181.
- D.J. Fray and R.V. Kumar, Process Control in the Production of Molten Metals. Ceramics in Energy Applications. Institute of Energy, London (1994) p191-206.
- C-Y Hseih and D. J Fray, Electrochemical Insertion into and the Detection of Hydrogen in Amorphous Silicon using Solid Electrolytes. Ionics 1, 141-46, (1995)
- A. Davies, D.J. Fray and S. Witek, Measurement of Oxygen in Steel using Beta Alumina, Ironmaking and Steelmaking 22, 310-15, (1995)
- J. Vangrunderbeek, J. Lutyen, R. Stephen, F De Schutter, L. Zhang and D.J. Fray, Immobilised Molten Salt Membrane Based Magnesium Sensor for Aluminium-Magnesium Melts. Ionics 1, 59-62, (1995)
- G.M. Kale and D.J. Fray, Gibbs Energy of Formation of CuGd2O4 and Phase Relations in Cu-Gd-O System. J. American Ceramic Society. 78, 1882-88, (1995)
- D.J. Fray. On-line Measurements in Molten Metals using Solid Electrolytes in 'Chemical Sensors for Metallurgical Processes' Eds. J. Vangrunderbeek and F. de Schutter. Mol, Belgium p3 - 6. (1994)
- L. Zhang, D.J. Fray, J.C. Dekeyser and F De Schutter. Reference Electrode of Simple Galvanic Cells for Developing High Temperature Sodium Sensors for use in Molten Aluminium. Trans. Met. Soc.27B, (1996) 794-800
- J.C. Dekeyser, F. De Schutter, C. Van der Poorten, L. Zhang and D.J. Fray. An Electrochemical Sodium Sensor for Aluminium Melts. Sensors and Actuators B 24-25, (1995) 273-75.
- N.N. Ahmed, G.M. Kale, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. Development and Testing of an HCl Gas Sensor for Flue Gas Monitoring. Solid State Ionics. 86-88, (1996) 1013-6
- D.J. Slater, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. A Bielectrolyte Solid-State Sensor which Detects SO3 independently of O2 - Implications for a SO2 Sensor. Solid State Ionics. 86-88, (1996) 1063-7
- G.M. Kale, A.J. Davidson and D.J. Fray. Solid State Sensor for Measuring Antimony in Non-Ferrous Metals. Solid State Ionics. 86-88, (1996) 1101-5
- G.M. Kale, A.J. Davidson and D.J. Fray. Investigation into an Improved Design of Carbon Dioxide Sensor. Solid State Ionics. 86-88, (1996) 1107-10
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. Measurement of Gas Compositions using Solid Electrolytes in Sensors & Modelling in Materials Processing - Techniques and Applications, Ed. S. Viswanathan, R.C. Reddy and J.C. Malas TMS, Warrendale. Pa (1997) p317-26.
- Y.C. Avniel, T.E. Warner and D.J. Fray. Measurement of Nitrogen and Sulphur in Molten Metals using Solid Electrolytes in Sensors & Modelling in Materials Processing - Techniques and Applications, Ed. S. Viswanathan, R.C. Reddy and J.C. Malas TMS, Warrendale. Pa (1997) p373-80.
- T.E. Warner, D.J. Fray and A. Davies. The High Temperature Ionic Conductivity of the Trivalent Ceramic Electrolytes: LaAl11O18 and LaAl12O18N. Solid State Ionics, 92, (1996) 99-101.
- T.E. Warner, D.J. Fray and A. Davies. A High Temperature Solid State Potentiometric Sensor for Nitrogen based on Ceramic LaAl12O18N. J. Mat. Sci. 32, (1997) 279-82.
- L.J. Cobb, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. A Novel Humidity Sensor using Yb-doped
- C. Wordsworth, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. The use of Strontium b-Alumina based Composite Electrolyte in Phosphorus Concentration Cells. Ionics 3 & 4 (1997) 235-8.
- A.J. Davidson and D.J. Fray. Measurement of High Copper concentrations in Molten Sulphide Phases in EPD Congress 1998. Ed B. Mishra (TMS. Warrendale Pa 1998) p 925-31.
- R.W. Gibson, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray. Novel Sensors for Monitoring High Oxygen Concentrations. Solid State Ionics. 121, (1999) 43-50
- T.E. Warner and D.J. Fray, "A dynamic electrochemical technique for the measurement of trace amounts of arsenic and antimony in molten zinc" in EDP Congress 1999, ed B. Mishra (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale Pa 1999) 311-21
- F.W.H. Dean and D.J. Fray. Ultrasensitive technique for detection of hydrogen emanating from solid steel and other solid surfaces. Mat. Sci. and Tech. 16 (2000) 41-6
- D.J. Fray. Potentiometric gas sensors for use at high temperatures. Materials Science and Technology. 16 (2000) 237-42
- A.J. Davidson and D.J. Fray. Development of a sensor to measure copper in alloys and mattes. Trans IMM. 108C (1999) C147-52
- M.A. Hassen, A.G. Clarke, M.A. Swetnam, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, High temperature humidity monitoring using doped strontium cerate sensors, Sensors and Actuators B 69 (2000) 138-43
- C. Schwandt and D.J. Fray, "Hydrogen sensing in molten aluminium using a commercial electrochemical sensor", Ionics 6, 222-9 (2000)
- F.W.H. Dean and D.J. Fray, "The Measurement of hydrogen in solid steel", EPSD Congress 2001, Ed P.R. Taylor. (TMS, Warrendale, 2001) 643-51, (2001)
- A.J. Davidson and D. J. Fray, "Measurement of high concentrations of copper in molten phases," Solid State Ionics 136, 613-620 (2000).
- T. E. Warner and D. J. Fray, "A fundamental study of a novel dynamic electrochemical technique for the measurement of trace amounts of arsenic and antimony in molten zinc," Solid State Ionics 136, 589-601 (2000).
- C. Schwandt, D. J. Fray, M. P Hills, M. A. Henson, R. M. Henson and C. Powell, "A novel electrochemical hydrogen analyser for use in molten aluminium and its alloys". 6th International AFS Conference Orlando 2001, American Foundry Society, 149-157.
- C. Schwandt, D. J. Fray, M. P Hills, M. A. Henson, R. M. Henson and C. Powell, "A novel electrochemical analyser for hydrogen determination in aluminium melts". Foundry Practice 236, 12-15, (2001).
- D J Fray, "Solid-state Gas Sensors", Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 8726-8731, , ISBN: 0-08-0431526, (2001)
- F H W Dean, T M Smeeton and D J Fray, "Hydrogen permeation through mild steel in temperature range 20-500oC measured by hydrogen collection method", Materials Science and Technology 18, 851-855, 2002
- D.P. Lapham, C. Schwandt, M.P. Hills, R.V. Kumar & D.J. Fray, "The Detection of Hydrogen in Molten Aluminium", Ionics 8, 391-404, 2002
- C. Schwandt, M.P. Hills, M.A. Henson, D.J. Fray, R.M. Henson and A. Moores, "Determination of hydrogen in molten aluminium and its alloys using an electrochemical sensor", EDP congress 2003, Ed. M.E. Schlesinger TMS, 427-438, 2003
- F. Tailoka, D. J. Fray and R. V. Kumar, "Application of Nafion electrolytes for the detection of humidity in a corrosive atmosphere", Solid State Ionics, 161, 267-277
- D. J. Fray, "The use of Solid Electrolytes in the Determination of Activities and the Development of Sensors", Met and Mat Trans B, 34B, 589-594, (2003)
- M.A. Swetnam, R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, "Sensing of sulfur in molten metal using strontium beta-alumina",
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B- Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 37 (3). 381-388, (2006)
- C. Schwandt and D.J. Fray, "The titanium/hydrogen system as the solid-state reference in high-temperature proton conductor-based hydrogen sensors", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 36 (5), 557-65, (2006)
- R.V. Kumar and D.J. Fray, "Self-tuning chemical sensors for molten metals", Sohn International Symposium - Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Ed F. Kongoli and R.G. Reddy ( TMS, Warrendale PA, 2006) 609-622.
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